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Spatial analysis of tuberculosis treatment outcomes in Shanghai: implications for tuberculosis control
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Jing Zhang, Xin Shen, Chongguang Yang, Yue Chen, Juntao Guo, Decheng Wang, Jun Zhang, Henry Lynn, Yi Hu, Qichao Pan, Zhijie Zhang
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Epidemiol Health. 2022;44:e2022045. Published online May 1, 2022
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2022045
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES
Tuberculosis (TB) treatment outcomes are a key indicator in the assessment of TB control programs. We aimed to identify spatial factors associated with TB treatment outcomes, and to provide additional insights into TB control from a geographical perspective.
METHODS We collected data from the electronic TB surveillance system in Shanghai, China and included pulmonary TB patients registered from January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2016. We examined the associations of physical accessibility to hospitals, an autoregression term, and random hospital effects with treatment outcomes in logistic regression models after adjusting for demographic, clinical, and treatment factors.
RESULTS Of the 53,475 pulmonary TB patients, 49,002 (91.6%) had successful treatment outcomes. The success rate increased from 89.3% in 2009 to 94.4% in 2016. The successful treatment outcome rate varied among hospitals from 78.6% to 97.8%, and there were 12 spatial clusters of poor treatment outcomes during the 8-year study period. The best-fit model incorporated spatial factors. Both the random hospital effects and autoregression terms had significant impacts on TB treatment outcomes, ranking 6th and 10th, respectively, in terms of statistical importance among 14 factors. The number of bus stations around the home was the least important variable in the model.
CONCLUSIONS Spatial autocorrelation and hospital effects were associated with TB treatment outcomes in Shanghai. In highly-integrated cities like Shanghai, physical accessibility was not related to treatment outcomes. Governments need to pay more attention to the mobility of patients and different success rates of treatment among hospitals.
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Summary
Key Message
Tuberculosis treatment outcomes, a key indicator in the assessment of TB control programs, were associated with spatial autocorrelation and hospital effects in Shanghai; however, they were not associated with physical accessibility to hospitals.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by  - Tuberculosis treatment outcomes and associated factors among patients treated at Bosaso TB Hospital, Bosaso, Somalia: A five-year retrospective study
Saaid Said Jama, Mohamed Mohamud Abdi, Rodney Adam
PLOS ONE.2025; 20(1): e0314693. CrossRef - Examining the efficacy of treatment outcomes for patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in Western China: A retrospective study in a region of high incidence
Jian Zhou, Jinlan Li, Yong Hu, Shijun Li
BMC Public Health.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
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