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Age-specific effects of ozone on pneumonia in Korean children and adolescents: a nationwide time-series study
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Kyoung-Nam Kim, Youn-Hee Lim, Sanghyuk Bae, In Gyu Song, Soontae Kim, Yun-Chul Hong
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Epidemiol Health. 2022;44:e2022002. Published online December 28, 2021
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2022002
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 Abstract
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to estimate the age-specific effects of 8-hour maximum ozone levels on pneumonia in children and adolescents.
METHODS We performed quasi-Poisson regression analyses for individuals of 0-4 years, 5-9 years, 10-14 years, and 15-19 years of age using nationwide time-series data from the Korea (2011-2015). We constructed distributed lag linear models employing a generalized difference-in-differences method and controlling for other air pollutants.
RESULTS A 10.0-parts per billion increase in 8-hour maximum ozone levels was associated with a higher risk of hospital admissions due to pneumonia at 0-4 (relative risk [RR], 1.02; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01 to 1.03) and 5-9 years of age (RR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.08), but not at 10-14 (RR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.98 to 1.04) or 15-19 years of age (RR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.97 to 1.06). The association between ozone and hospital admissions due to pneumonia was stronger in cool seasons (from November to April) than in warm seasons (from May to October), but was similar between boys and girls.
CONCLUSIONS Short-term exposure to ozone was associated with a higher risk of pneumonia at 0-4 years and 5-9 years of age, but not at 10-14 years or 15-19 years of age. Our findings can help identify vulnerable periods, determine the target populations for public health interventions, and establish air pollution standards.
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Summary
Korean summary
-어린이와 청소년에서 대기오염물질인 오존에 단기 노출되었을 때 폐렴으로 인한 입원 위험이 증가하는지를 건강보험공단 청구자료를 이용하여 구축한 시계열자료로 분석하였다.
-0-4세, 5-9세 군에서는 오존 단기 노출 시 폐렴으로 인한 입원 위험이 증가하였으나 10-14세, 15-19세 군에서는 입원 위험 증가가 관찰되지 않았다.
Key Message
• The effects of ozone levels on hospital admissions for pneumonia were evaluated.
• We used quasi-Poisson time-series models and a difference-in-differences method.
• Ozone levels increased hospital admissions for pneumonia at ages 0–4 and 5–9 years.
• Evidence for the effects of ozone levels on pneumonia was not found at older ages.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by  - Short-term effects of ambient ozone on pediatric pneumonia hospital admissions: a multi-city case-crossover study in China
Huan Wang, Huan-Ling Zeng, Guo-Xing Li, Shuang Zhou, Jin-Lang Lyu, Qin Li, Guo-Shuang Feng, Hai-Jun Wang
Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine.2025; 30: 75. CrossRef - Challenges of Air Pollution and Health in East Asia
Xihao Du, Renjie Chen, Haidong Kan
Current Environmental Health Reports.2024; 11(2): 89. CrossRef - Intraday exposure to ambient ozone and emergency department visits among children: a case-crossover study in southern China
Jiahong Ren, Lifeng Zhu, Yachen Li, Haiyi Li, Qian Hu, Jian Zhu, Qingyan Zhang, Yunquan Zhang
Environmental Science and Pollution Research.2023; 30(30): 74853. CrossRef
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